Meanwhile, altered brain expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits has been reported in individuals with Down syndrome, summarized in a published chapter (Engidawork et al., 2001), and agonists that target alpha 7-nAChR may have positive therapeutic benefits, as suggested in an animal model of Down syndrome (Deutsch et al., 2014). This evidence concerns the gene CHRNA4 and Down syndrome.