TNF and cancer: In the KEGG pathway, GBD was related to cancer pathways (vascular endothelial growth factor), tumor-related immune cells [such as T, natural killer (NK), and Th17 cells], inflammation-related pathways [such as toll-like receptors, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)], fluid metabolism [renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), natriuretic peptide (NP) system], and cell cycles.