The androgen receptor (AR) not only regulates gender-specific gene expression but may also contribute to PAH pathogenesis by modulating apoptotic pathways (Godfrey et al., 2010; Lin et al., 2006; Wu et al., 2022; Lin et al., 2001; Zeng et al., 2023; Shibata et al., 2018; Kim et al., 2023). The gene discussed is AR; the disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension.