AR and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Thus, it is essential to explore whether the androgen receptor is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), which may further contribute to the pathogenesis of PAH (Jiang et al., 2019; Li et al., 2022; Gorelova et al., 2021; Zheng et al., 2021; Shu et al., 2024; Yao et al., 2024).