TIMD4 and neoplasm: TIM-1 modulates the type 1 interferon (IFN-1) response in B cells, thereby limiting B-cell activation, antigen presentation, and co-stimulation, which underscores TIM-1 as a potential target for enhancing B-cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity (35).Given that TIM-4 is a homologous ligand of TIM-1, it is insightful to consider the role of TIM-1 in promoting T-cell expansion and survival via its interaction with TIM-4, suggesting that the TIM-1 pathway serves as a natural stimulator of T-cell function (211).