APOE and atherosclerosis: Comparative studies reveal divergent microbial impacts: Porphyromonas gingivalis oral infection exacerbates atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice via gut dysbiosis and lipid abnormalities (reduced HDL/triglycerides) (111), while Bacteroides fragilis-induced dysbiosis (decreased Lactobacillaceae; increased Desulfovibrionaceae) promotes plaque formation through metabolic inflammation (10).