LDLR and atherosclerosis: NOD1/NOD2-deficient mice had less atherosclerosis than Ldlr-/- mice after a 12-week high-fat diet, due to gut microbiota changes, increased intestinal cholesterol and coprostanol levels correlating with more Eubacterium coprostanoligenes, and lower plasma lipid levels and reduced foam cell formation from upregulated Abca1 and Abcg1 in macrophages (158).