TLR2 and fungal infectious disease: However, the TLR genes were observed to be up/down-regulated (Figure 3A), sequence alignment revealed that LOCMI16508, novel. 4926, and novel. 3764 all belong to the TLR-2 family, which can be directly activated by chitin present in the fungal cell wall (42); and LOCMI17094 belongs to the TLR-7 family, which is primarily associated with antiviral immunity and also plays a role in the immune response caused by fungal infections (43, 44).