One case-control study identified differential DNA methylation in four CpG sites in the PPARGC1A promoter between 10 participants with T2D (50.0% male; mean age: 65.1 years with SEM ± 2.6 years) and nine without T2D (77.8% male; mean age: 54.2 years with SEM ± 3.5 years) where the group with T2D had a higher average DNA methylation of 10.5 ± 2.7% compared to those without T2D 4.7 ± 0.9% (p < 0.04) (Ling et al., 2008). Here, PPARGC1A is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.