Another study investigating 25 CpG sites within the INS gene promoter of nine participants with T2D (55.6% male; mean age: 57.0 years with SD ± 13.1 years) and 48 participants without T2D (54.2% male; mean age: 56.7 years with SD ± 10.1 years) observed four CpG sites that had significantly increased DNA methylation in participants with T2D (Yang et al., 2011). Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.