An investigation of PAI-1, Telomere Length, DunedinPACE, PCHorvath1, PCHorvath2, PCHannum, PCPhenoAge and PCGrimAge clocks was undertaken with participants with and without diabetes from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (study did not distinguish type of diabetes, but assumed 94% of participants had T2D), where it was observed that on smoothened average curves within the 60–70 years age range, DunedinPACE and PAI-1 measures for the participants with diabetes were significantly higher (Wikström Shemer et al., 2024). The gene discussed is SERPINE1; the disease is diabetes mellitus.