While investigation of the PDX-1 gene from nine participants with T2D (55.6% male; mean age: 57.0 years with SD ± 13.1 years) and 55 participants without T2D (52.7% male; mean age: 56.7 years with SD ± 9.8 years) revealed 10 CpG sites within the distal promoter and enhancer regions that were hypermethylated (Yang et al., 2012). Here, PDX1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.