Among these, 12 DPGs (BIN1, CHI3L2, FLNA, FLT3LG, MTHFD2, PPP1R14B, PRKCSH, PSMB2, RSL24D1, STK40, TMED9, TPM4) exhibited increased polyadenylation, and 7 (IRF3, MAP1LC3B, MAP1LC3B2, PDCD10, PIP4K2A, PRMT1, TERF2IP) exhibited decreased polyadenylation in the samples from patients with viral compared to bacterial infection (Fig. 4B, Supplementary Table 8). This evidence concerns the gene IRF3 and bacterial infectious disease.