GSTM1 and Nephropathy: Histidine and carnosine, with and without iron supplementation, significantly enhanced Hb levels compared to the adenine-induced kidney damage treated group (histidine 13.65 ± 2.13 g/dL, carnosine 16.69 ± 3.4 g/dL, and adenine 10.27 ± 1.3 g/dL).