CD4 and episodic ataxia type 2: Animal studies reveal that gut microbiota modulates the adaptive immune response in the lungs to Aspergillus fumigatus by regulating CD4+ T cells.[63,64] Maurer HC et al observed that CAPA patients exhibit a trend towards reduced gut microbial diversity, while Staphylococcus epidermidis abundance increases in early-stage patients.[65] This suggests that alterations in gut microbiota accompany severe CAPA and potentially impact the host’s immune response.