These ROS can subsequently damage cellular biomacromolecules, resulting in oxidative stress that contributes to cellular aging and apoptosis in RPE cells, thereby advancing the progression of AMD.[17,19,41,44,45] However, the mechanism of cathepsin B in AMD is still complex and unclear, and further research is needed to clarify its role. The gene discussed is CTSB; the disease is age-related macular degeneration.