CTSS and age-related macular degeneration: In addition, the pathogenesis of AMD is related to oxidative stress, and the activity of cathepsins may be affected by oxidative stress, thereby participating in the pathological process of AMD.[19–21] Furthermore, genetic mutations and polymorphisms in cathepsin genes have been linked to specific hereditary diseases, providing insights into their physiological relevance and potential as therapeutic targets.[22–24] In recent years, the role of cathepsins in ocular diseases has emerged as a crucial area of study, and the relationship between cathepsins and AMD still needs further investigated.