PCSK9 activates PKCδ, Syk and NF-κB, promoting atherosclerosis progression independently of LDL-R [112].In apoE-/- mice, the inactivation of PCSK9 has been shown to effectively suppress vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis by reducing the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway [113, 114]. This evidence concerns the gene SYK and atherosclerosis.