GDF15 and urothelial carcinoma: Preliminary results from the phase IIa portion of the ongoing GDFATHER study showed that combining the anti-GDF15 antibody visugromab with the PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab resulted in an OR rate of 16.7% across patients with advanced NSCLC, urothelial carcinoma, or hepatocellular carcinoma who had relapsed on or were refractory to immune checkpoint inhibitors (20, 33, 34).