SOST and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Additionally, a previous Italian pediatric cross-sectional study [16] reported similar findings, where they involved 106 patients with T1DM with mean ± SD age of 12.2 ± 4 years, and age- and gender-matched 80 controls, where significantly increased serum levels of sclerostin were found in patients with T1DM with respect to controls; the study investigators explained their findings due to the fact that sclerostin plays a crucial role in regulating bone mass, and individuals with T1DM exhibit low bone turnover, primarily due to impaired bone formation.