During stress fiber formation in TMCs, RhoA undergoes post-translational modifications, leading to a shift in its molecular weight.(Figure 8) (Stubbs and Von Zee, 2012) The activation of Cdc42 by the IL-8/CXCR2 axis in TMCs after HCMV infection suggests that Cdc42 is especially important for initiating the cytoskeletal changes which may lead to the increased outflow resistance associated with viral infections. Here, CXCL8 is linked to cytomegalovirus infection.