ICOS and Cognitive impairment: Patients with creatinine <60.75 (μmol/L), chloride <106.25 (mmol/L), CD4+ICOS+ ≥11.2%, CD19+PD-L1+ ≥12.35%, plasma sICOSL≥286.37 ng/mL, CSF sugar content ≥3.775 (mmol/L), and those with cognitive impairment are more likely to be diagnosed with AE.