CAT and newborn respiratory distress syndrome: -SNPs in antioxidant enzymes (e.g., SOD, CAT) are linked to oxidative stress, heightened in preterm infants vulnerable to RDS.-Preterm neonates with RDS exhibit increased oxidative stress markers (e.g., MDA, H2O2) and decreased antioxidant activity.-Elevated AOPPs and oxidative DNA damage correlate with severe RDS.