GLO1 and diabetes mellitus: On the one hand, for high-risk groups such as individuals with metabolic syndrome, advanced age or diabetes, lowering MG levels using MG scavengers or GLO1 agonists is expected to be an effective cancer prevention strategy; on the other hand, for cancer cells with high glycolytic activity and high GLO1 expression, targeting the MG metabolic pathway to selectively elevate intracellular MG levels beyond the cytotoxic threshold can significantly enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and even immunotherapy.