Activation of relevant transcriptional regulators (NF-κb, STAT3, HIF-1α) by the MG/AGEs/RAGE axis promotes increased secretion of inflammation-associated factors (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6) (11, 65), as well as the recruitment of inflammatory cells, thereby shaping an inflammatory microenvironment that promotes tumor growth (66). This evidence concerns the gene AGER and neoplasm.