According to a prior study, kidney fibrosisis reduced by the antioxidant peptide RAP, which is produced fromrapeseed protein through the inhibition of MAPK/NF-κB signalingpathways.109 The study form Yuan et al.also suggested that a peptide derived from klotho reduces kidney fibrosisthrough concentrating on TGF-β signaling.110 Another study identified that glycosaminoglycan-bindingpeptide produced from human CXCL9 prevents renal fibrosis via targetingthe GAG–protein interactions in renal fibrotic illness andallowed CXCL9 to have antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects (Figure 3). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL9 and renal fibrosis.