VEGFA and renal cell carcinoma: Various mechanisms have been proposed for potential resistance to contemporary VEGF-TKIs in RCC, including bypassing of anti-angiogenesis via promotion of IL-6 and IL-8 secretion (2,3), upregulation of the c-Met receptor IRAK1 and downregulation of the tumor suppressor MCPIP1 (4), lysosomal sequestration and use of efflux transporters (5), among others.