CXCL13 and neoplasm: In preclinical models of ovarian cancer, intraperitoneal injection of recombinant CXCL13 could induce TLS formation, then inhibit tumor progression and enhance the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy through increased infiltration of CXCR5+ CD8+ T cells (Delvecchio et al., 2021; Ukita et al., 2022).