IFNG and alopecia areata: For instance, smoking and drinking are associated with increased production of IL-13, IFN-γ, TGF-α, and IL-6 (Feleszko et al., 2006; Ockenfels et al., 1996; Sørensen et al., 2017), while obesity induced by overeating may promote IL-17 production (Nakamizo et al., 2017), further elevating the risk of alopecia areata.