In the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis, integrin αvβ6 is overexpressed in tumor cells due to Erk phosphorylation and stimulation of the Ets-1 transcription factor, ultimately boosting CRC, BC, and prostate cancer metastasis to the liver, lungs, and lymph nodes in a co-culture of the human normal colonic fibroblast cell line CCD-18Co and human CRC cell line HT-29 or RKO assay (Peng et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2014). Here, CXCL12 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.