LOXL1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: For example, α11β1 in NSCLC-derived CAFs induced the lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1) secretion, an ECM cross-linking enzyme, to initiate collagen deposition, matrix stiffness, and tumor invasion (Deng et al., 2022; Zeltz et al., 2022; Zeltz et al., 2020).