In an RCT, adults with asthma receiving 5.5 g/day Bimuno-galactooligosaccharide (B-GOS) for 3 weeks exhibited a 40% attenuation in post-hyperpnoea FEV1 decline alongside reduced systemic inflammation markers, including TNF-α and CCL17, demonstrating prebiotic modulation of airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in asthma (57). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is airway hyperresponsiveness.