The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis,hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis, growth hormone (GH)-insulin-likegrowth factor-1 (IGF-1) (GH-IGF-1) axis, and hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid(HPT) axis have been studied to comprehend their role in AP-induced MetS. Here, IGF1 is linked to metabolic syndrome.