Moreover,granuloma-targeted esculetin used alongside metformin improves age-relatedatherosclerosis by modulating AMPK activation [30] and reduces both atherogenesisand the progression of atherosclerosis in obese diabetic rats through modulationof the Sestrin2-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway [31]. This evidence concerns the gene MTOR and atherosclerosis.