The fact that CNDP2 is a ubiquitously expressed non-specific aminopeptidase further suggests that CNDP2-mediated cooperative nutrient scavenging is not only used among tumor cell populations but rather represents a general cooperation mode, e.g., also between tumor and stroma/immune cells, driving tumor evolution and providing a fitness advantage to the entire tumor ecosystem. The gene discussed is CPQ; the disease is neoplasm.