MMP1 and osteoarthritis: Prior clinical investigations reported that patients with RA have elevated serum and synovial fluid levels of MMP-1 and MMP-3 compared to osteoarthritis patients and normal ones, correlated to the levels of other disease activity markers (Abdelrahman et al. 2020; Hussein & Aboukhamis 2023; Li et al. 2022; Yoshihara et al. 2000).