EPO and anemia (phenotype): Anemia, a common and debilitating consequence of CKD in pediatric patients, is primarily caused by impaired erythropoiesis and reduced erythropoietin production due to kidney dysfunction [1] Anemia in children is defined based on the 2012 KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease, with hemoglobin (Hb) cut-off levels varying based on age and sex [2].