To substantiate our hypothesis regarding the interplay between MS4A4A and epilepsy, we undertook transcriptome sequencing on lesional and perilesional tissues from patients afflicted with focal cortical dysplasia type IIb (FCD_2b) and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) epilepsy.[44, 45, 46, 47] The heatmaps delineate the expression profile of the MS4A family within microglia (Figure2A,B). The gene discussed is MS4A4A; the disease is tuberous sclerosis.