HIF1A and congenital heart disease: This is a consistent hallmark of both the vascular dysfunction observed in our model as well as in patients with congenital heart disease.4,22,30 We first demonstrated that treatment of shunt PAECs with MitoQ significantly decreased cellular levels of mitoROS (Fig. 4A) and that 24 h of therapy was sufficient to significantly decrease the levels of HIF-1α in the shunt PAECs (Fig. 4B).