Time series analysis using the likelihood ratios showed differences in expression of genes including Fos, Lama3, Aldh1a3, Col7a1 and Doks associated with increased induction by t = 12 h, whereas E2f8, Exo1, Clspn, Kif14 and Kif12 all were decreased in Smad4+/+ adenomas. This evidence concerns the gene ALDH1A3 and adenoma.