Although both natural infection and vaccination can induce a comparable overall MPXV-reactive T cell response, MPXV-reactive CD8+ T cells in convalescent individuals exhibit a TEMRA (CD45RA+CCR7-) phenotype12, showing greater activation and effector profiles, with increased CD45RA, CD38, HLA-DR and GZMB expression. This evidence concerns the gene GZMB and infection.