BRAF and neoplasm: Key risk factors include a history of radiation exposure, age over 45, positive family history, tumor size ≥ 2 cm, lymph-node or distant metastases, and histological risk factors as extracystic extension, lymph vessel or vein invasion, and high-risk mutations — e.g., BRAF V 600E, TERT promotor mutation [14, 26, 37, 42, 43].