Once LC patients are infected with Mtb, TAMs on the surface of PD‐L1 bind to inhibitory receptors on T cells, leading to effector T cell exhaustion and production of immunosuppressive factors such as IL‐10, TGF‐β, and CXCL8, reducing CD8+ T cell infiltration, thus inhibiting the immune response to Mtb and the adaptive immune response [79, 80]. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and laryngotracheoesophageal cleft.