By revealing the role of NCL in immune regulation of lung adenocarcinoma, we hope to provide new theoretical insights for the development of immunotherapy strategies for lung adenocarcinoma and offer new perspectives for the development of targeted therapeutic drugs against NCL, ultimately making a positive impact on the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma patients (Sui et al. 2021; Zhang et al. 2023a, b). This evidence concerns the gene NUCLEOLIN and lung adenocarcinoma.