TGFB1 and lung adenocarcinoma: In lung adenocarcinoma, TGF-β1 can act as the upstream regulator of YBX1 to participate in the modulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), TGF-β1 treatment stimulates YBX1 expression and facilitates the nuclear translocation of cytosolic YBX1, which then upregulates the expression of mesenchymal markers in A549 cells [31].