This suggests that some individuals may either resist Mtb infection or rapidly clear it through innate immune responses [7,10–12], as evidenced by a persistently negative tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) despite prolonged exposure to TB in longitudinal cohorts of household contacts of persons with active pulmonary TB disease in Uganda [13–15], India [16], Indonesia [17], and South African goldmines [18–21]. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and tuberculosis.