HLA-C and lung carcinoma: Our work further identified the contribution of MHC heterozygosity to ICI response, which is consistent with recent human findings: patients with cancer treated with ICIs showed better survival when heterozygous at HLA class I genes compared with those homozygous at any one of these loci.25 This was bolstered by large cohort studies of over 500,000 individuals that showed again HLA heterozygosity was significantly protective for the development of lung cancer.65