OLR1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: In addition, we now show that an increase in the blood concentration of OSM during exacerbations of COPD is linked to an increase in the blood concentration of six other cardiovascular biomarkers: IL-1ra, LOX-1, IL-6, PTX3, CXCL1, and CEACAM8, all of which have been linked to increased risk for CVD [40–45].