TNF and keratoconus: Notably, the authors identified 23 cytokines (including FGF-7, MIP-3α, Flt-3 Ligand, MIP-1δ, IL-3, IL-2, BDNF, IL-4, M-CSF, BMP-4, IL-15, GCP-2, TNF-β, MIF, IL-1ra, Lymphotactin, IL-1α, TGF-β, TNF-α, Angiogenin, MDC, IL-2Rα, I-309) that were significantly elevated, with 15 of these cytokines being exclusively expressed in KC corneas (Loh and Sherwin, 2022).