HMGB1 and neoplasm: In the presence of altered self or nonself antigens such as alloantigens, tumor-associated antigens, or microbial antigens, injury-induced cDAMPs such as HMGB1, DNA, and RNA were shown to activate PRR-bearing iDCs into mature immunostimulatory DCs, thereby indirectly initiating and shaping adaptive immune responses (52–61).