Research conducted by Qiao has revealed that the expression of circ_102685 is increased in CD, and through influencing the circ_102685/miRNA-146/NF-κB signaling axis, it regulates T regulatory cells (Treg cells) and Dendritic Cells (DCs) to alleviate intestinal inflammation (31, 49, 50).In melatonin-treated colitis models,circ_0520 and circ_2243 impair bone marrow-derived dendritic cells(BMDCs) maturation by targeting YWHAZ/CCL19 through the PI3K/AKT pathway, limiting DC phagocytosis and migration and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby alleviating intestinal inflammation (51). Here, NFKB1 is linked to Cowden disease.