LOX and neoplasm: D-pen is the first copper-chelating agent used for the treatment of WD and has been demonstrated to inhibit tumor proliferation and angiogenesis in preclinical models.413 For instance, D-pen inhibits LOX enzymatic activity by depleting copper levels, thereby suppressing angiogenesis and tumor progression in glioblastoma multiforme.414 Furthermore, D-pen enhances the cytotoxic effects of both radiotherapy and chemotherapeutic agents.