Similarly, porcine-derived MSCs injected into mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver failure significantly reduced serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), direct bilirubin (DBiL), and total bilirubin (TBiL), while increasing albumin (ALB) levels, improving survival and mitigating liver injury [32]. Here, ALB is linked to acute liver failure.