Similarly, pathways related to MAPK signaling cascades (“MAPK family signaling cascades,” “MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling,” and “RAF/MAP kinase cascade”) also have lower P-values in the re-analysis (e.g. 0.0024 versus 0.00000024 for “MAPK family signaling cascades”), and MAPK kinases are known to be activated in patients with MS and are potential therapeutic targets [45]. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK3 and myeloid sarcoma.