The expression levels of Chat, Vacht (vesicular acetylcholine transporter, VAChT), and Cht1 (high-affinity choline transporter, ChT-1) in cardiac tissue consistently decreased after CVB3 infection and failed to recover to baseline levels even in the chronic phase, which may contribute to the development of DCM (Figure 8B). Here, SLC5A7 is linked to familial dilated cardiomyopathy.