Although there is currently no direct evidence demonstrating DAPA’s effects on JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in our Drosophila models, considering DAPA’s regulatory actions on these pathways in other systems, we cannot rule out the possibility that it may also act through these pathways in Drosophila. Although these multifaceted actions highlight the potential for non-glycemic mechanisms in DAPA’s anti-aging effects, further research is needed to elucidate the precise contributions of SGLT2-dependent and -independent pathways using Drosophila diabetes models (Miao et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene MAPK8 and diabetes mellitus.