TNF and Alzheimer disease: Similarly, β-Asarone decreases GFAP, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels in the brains of AD rats (Yang et al., 2017) and reduces Aβ25–35-induced mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in SH-SY5Y cells, mitigating both neuroinflammation and inflammation-induced autophagy (Chang and Teng, 2015).