One report[5] described a patient with small, localized RCC and paraneoplastic hypercalcemic coma who achieved normalization of serum calcium following partial nephrectomy, while another case[11] described a younger patient with metastatic RCC where cytokine-mediated effects such as those from IL-6 and TNF-α played a significant role in hypercalcemia. Here, TNF is linked to renal cell carcinoma.